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London: The Biography


Detailed information on Fritz London can be found in the following sources: Biographies "Fritz London : A scientific biography" by Kostas Gavroglu includes both his life and a scientific analysis of his work. A further book with a chapter on F. London and with detailed descriptions of his work on superconductivity and superfluidity is "The Cold Wars: A History of Superconductivity" by Jean Matricon and Georges Waysand. The essay by P.W. Anderson on Fritz London (download below) is also of great interest. An April 2011 article by Stephen Blundell of the University of Oxford (download below) describes in detail the collaboration of the brothers Fritz and Heinz London.




London: The Biography



Publications: Visit the complete list of his publications which is also available in the biography by Kostas Gavroglu and includes his two classic monographs: "Superfluids I : Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity and Superfluids II: Macroscopic Theory of Superfluid Helium.


Much of Peter Ackroyd's work has been concerned with the life and past of London but here, as a culmination, is his definitive account of the city. For him it is a living organism, with its own laws of growth and change, so London is a biography rather than a history. It differs from other histories, too, in the range and diversity of its contents. Ackroyd portrays London from the time of the Druids to the beginning of the twenty-first century, noting magnificence in both epochs, but this is not a simple chronological record. There are chapters on the history of silence and the history of light, the history of childhood and the history of suicide, the history of Cockney speech and the history of drink.


It would be no exaggeration to say that Peter Ackroyd's 'biography' of our capital is the book about London. It contains a lifetime of reading and research-but this huge book is light and airy and playful-[He] leads us on a journey both historical and geographical, but also imaginative. Every street, alley and courtyard has a story, and Ackroyd brings it to life for us - marvellous


Upon his arrival in Lexington, Ferrill preaches "at private houses, first at one house and then another" before being "engaged by the Trustees of Lexington" to "become the preacher of the colored people" (p. 6). Ferrill receives the unanimous support of his parishioners in a vote, but "in one month's time he had only seven hearers" listening to his sermons, and his wife (about whom Ferrill's biography discloses little) was one of the seven (p. 7). His slow start notwithstanding, Ferrill persists in preaching, and soon the house where he meets is "crowded to overflowing" (p. 7).


In 1868, Blackwell opened a medical college in New York City. A year later, she placed her sister in charge and returned permanently to London, where in 1875, she became a professor of gynecology at the new London School of Medicine for Women. She also helped found the National Health Society and published several books, including an autobiography, Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women (1895).


Few writers have led lives as colorful or eventful as London's, and despite the attention his life has received, most critics have linked his biography to his fiction in largely superficial ways. Avoiding the obvious mythmaking that dominates popular biographies of London, Reesman instead places several key experiences, particularly his travels to the South Pacific, alongside the literary representations that emerged from these experiences, and she discovers an ongoing struggle between the flawed racial theories London often quite actively espoused and the more complex and subtle actualities that his fiction documents. As Reesman claims, "he is better in the particulars than in the theories," but even London's theories were subject to revision and reconsideration and merit considerable further study. Among other sources, Reesman draws upon earlier work by Clarice Stasz, [End Page 83] as well as the biographical recollections of London's daughters, in exploring the significant, and conflicting, roles played by London's mother Flora and his "surrogate mother," Virginia Prentiss, an African-American neighbor and caregiver who remained close to London throughout his life, and whose stories of slavery were part of London's upbringing. As a child, London often lived in the Prentiss household. Caught between the conventional biases and inconsistent spiritualism of Flora and the reliable, pragmatic support of "Aunt Jennie," London confronted the difficult realities of race from an early age; to employ Reesman's organizing metaphor, he inhabited multiple racial houses in his subsequent career.


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